| Louis Néel  AKA Louis-Eugène-Félix Néel
Born: 22-Nov-1904
Birthplace: Lyon, France
Died: 17-Nov-2000
Location of death: Brive-Corrèze, France
Cause of death: unspecified
Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Physicist Nationality: France
Executive summary: Magnetic properties of solids Military service: French Army (WWII) In 1932, building on Werner Heisenberg's work, French physicist Louis N�el suggested the existence of antiferromagnetism, a previously unrecognized form of magnetism in which the magnetic field creates parallel but opposing spins which can vary with temperature. In 1947, he showed that in some materials the magnetic moments are unequal, a phenomenon called ferrimagnetism (not to be confused with ferromagnetism, the common form of magnetism exhibited by metals containing iron, nickel, cobalt, etc.). His work was important to the development of modern solid state physics and microwave electronics, the manufacturing of ferromagnetic materials, and the synthesis of ferrite materials. He shared the 1970 Nobel Prize for Physics with Swedish scientist Hannes Alfv�n. Wife: Hélène Hourticq (m. 1931, two daughters, one son)
Daughter: Marie Françoise (diplomat)
Daughter: Marguerite Guély
Son: Pierre (television producer)
University: BS, École Normale Supérieure (1928)
University: PhD, University of Strasbourg (1932)
Lecturer: École Normale Supérieure (1928-32)
Teacher: University of Strasbourg (1932-37)
Professor: University of Strasbourg (1937-45)
Professor: Grenoble Institute of Technology (1945-70)
Administrator: French National Center for Scientific Research, Paris (1946-70)
Administrator: Grenoble Institute of Technology (1954-70)
Administrator: Center for Nuclear Studies, Grenoble (1956-70)
Administrator: French National Polytechnical Institute, Grenoble (1970-76)
Croix de Guerre with Palms, 1940
French Legion of Honor Chevalier, 1940
French Legion of Honor Officer, 1941
Fernand Holweck Prize 1952
Order of Academic Palms Commander, 1957
French Legion of Honor Commander, 1958
Knighthood French Social Order of Merit, 1963
Gold Medal of the French National Center for Scientific Research 1965
French Legion of Honor Grand Officer, 1966
Nobel Prize for Physics 1970 (with Hannes Alfv�n)
American Academy of Arts and Sciences Foreign Member, 1966
French Academy of Sciences 1953
French Atomic Energy Commission
French Physical Society President, 1957
German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Foreign Member, 1964
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics President, 1963-66
NATO Official Scientific Committee, 1949-69
Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences Foreign Member, 1959
Royal Society Foreign Member, 1966
Rumanian Academy Foreign Member, 1965
Russian Academy of Sciences Foreign Member, 1959
Author of books:
�uvres Scientifiques de Louis Néel (Scientific Works) (1978)
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