| James Chadwick  Born: 20-Oct-1891
Birthplace: Manchester, England
Died: 24-Jul-1974
Location of death: Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England
Cause of death: unspecified
Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Physicist Nationality: England
Executive summary: Discovered the neutron In 1932, while working under Ernest Rutherford at Cambridge, James Chadwick proved the existence of neutrons, the elementary particle without any electrical charge and a fundamental building block of the atom's nucleus. One of the most important scientific discoveries of the twentieth century, it effectively solved the jigsaw puzzle of the atom, and earned Chadwick the 1935 Nobel Prize for Physics. Following Chadwick's breakthrough, he and other scientists began experimenting on all types of materials with neutrons, leading to the discovery of nuclear fission when uranium is bombarded with neutrons, and the eventual development of nuclear weapons and nuclear power production.
He studied under Hans Geiger, and at the outbreak of World War I he was working in Germany, where he was imprisoned for the duration of that war. At his 1925 wedding, his best man was Pyotr Kapitsa. During World War II he came to America, where he contributed to the Manhattan Project that developed the world's first atomic weapons. He was knighted in 1945, and passed away in 1974. Father: John Joseph Chadwick (laundry manager)
Mother: Anne Mary Knowles
Wife: Aileen Stewart-Brown (m. 11-Aug-1925, two daughters)
Daughter: Joanna Stewart Chadwick Batterham (b. 1-Feb-1927 twin)
Daughter: Judith Chadwick (b. 1-Feb-1927 twin)
High School: Manchester High School, Manchester, England (1908)
University: BS Physics, Victoria University of Manchester (1911)
University: MS Physics, Victoria University of Manchester (1913)
Scholar: Imperial Physical Technical Institute, Berlin (1913-14)
Scholar: Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge University (1919-23)
Fellow: Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge University (1921-35)
Scholar: Ass't Director, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University (1923-35)
Professor: Lyon Jones Chair of Physics, University of Liverpool (1935-48)
Administrator: Master, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge University (1948-59)
American Philosophical Society Foreign Member
American Physical Society Foreign Member
Franklin Institute Foreign Member
Institute of Physics
Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Royal Society 1927
Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellow (1946)
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 1957-62
Hughes Medal 1932
Nobel Prize for Physics 1935
Manhattan Project 1943-46
Knight of the British Empire 1945
Copley Medal 1950
Benjamin Franklin Medal 1951 (by the Franklin Institute)
Taken Prisoner of War Zivilgefangenenlager Prison, Ruhleben, Germany (1914-18)
English Ancestry
Lunar Crater Chadwick (52.7� S, 101.3� W, 30 km. diameter)
Author of books:
Radiations from Radioactive Substances (1930, physics, with Ernest Rutherford and Charles D. Ellis)
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